Simplified 'Villanovan-type' handmade urn from Baraolt in south-cast Transylvania dated to the 3rd century. Ht 35.6 cm. The same shape occurs south of the Danube at Pleven and Devetaki. It continued to influence Daco-Getic pottery and metalwork through the 1st century ayps.

A hearth altar, 1.15 m square, from the upper level of an apsidal room in the palace at Popesti. Closely related to those dated a century or so earlier at Seuthopolis, it retains links with the Otomani-Wietenberg culture.

Ancient symbols continue on 4th-3rd-century Moldavian pottery. Above: Potsherds from Poiana with horns and sun symbols. Centre: Urn from the Butucheny fortress on the Reut. Ht 61 cm.

Clay figurine from Racatau. Crude human figurines were common in Moldavian and Muntenian settlements.

Celtic bronze figurine from the Lukashevka II settlement. Ht 7.5 cm.

Left: One of a hoard of 14 silver-gilt phalerae from Galiche. Diam. 12 cm. A repousse hemispherical centre is edged by a flat hand pricked with a running flame pattern and with four holes for attaching to a garment. The hoard also includes figural representations in high relief.

Right: One of a pair of silver-gilt phalera-fibulae from Herastrau. Max. diam. 9.2 cm. The pin replaces the usual holes for attaching to a garment, but the general technique is similar to the figural phalerae from Galiche.

Silver phalera from near Stara Zagora. Diam. 17.8 cm. Another group of phalerae, represented in a Thracian tomb near Stara Zagora and far afield, makes greater use of real and mythical animals. Although die one illustrated includes Herakles and the Nemean lion, the human figure is rare in this type.

Jars from Zolota Balka. Above: Ht 24 cm. Centre: Ht 30 cm. Below: lit 40 cm. Thracian presence on fhe lower Dnieper in the 3rd-2nd century is indicated by, inter alia, the horns symbol on pottery.

The sun-hearth cuft in lower Dnieper fortresses. Above left: Hearth altar, Zolota Balka. Above and below right: Fragment of firedog with a horseman incised on the side, and a complete firedog, Zolota Balka. Below left: Firedog, Ciavrilovka.